Documents Related to Land Transfer

Documenta Nepalica | Documents on the History of Religion and Law of Pre-modern Nepal | Main Editors: Simon Cubelic / Astrid Zotter / Ramhari Timalsina / Christo Zotter / Axel Michaels / Rajan Khatiwoda / Manik Bajracharya

Agriculture had been Nepal’s dominant economic sector throughout the early Śāha and Rāṇā periods. Property rights or tax collection rights on land represented the major sources of wealth. Since Nepal was governed as a patrimonial state, the Gorkhali king claimed ultimate ownership and control over the territory. Through the assignment of land rights, the state allocated resources to administrative and military personnel, political elites, and religious institutions. State actors and social groups were linked to the government and to one another through an intricate system of various land entitlements. Documents regarding land transfers are therefore of crucial importance for understanding the economic foundations of state formation, social power structures, and religious life during Nepal’s “long” nineteenth century.

Royal Endowments and Gifts of Land

PN_0004_0062: A copperplate inscription recording a land endowment by Bhīma Malla for feeding foreign Brahmins and ascetics and for worshipping Paśupatinātha (NS 760)

K_0469_0025: A copy of a rukkā from King Raṇabhīma Śāha to Bhuvaneśvaranātha confirming a birtā in Sīsavā (VS 1854)

K_0123_0050: A copy of a rukkā from King Raṇabhīma Śāha to Bhuvaneśvaranātha confirming a birtā in Sīsavā (VS 1854)

DNA_0013_0027: A lālamohara from King Gīrvāṇa donating land to the Visaṅkhunārāyaṇa Guṭhī (VS 1859)

K_0096_0012: A copy of a lālamohara granting Raṅganātha Pauḍyāla a house in Kathmandu’s Indracoka and other real property [VS 1861]

K_0096_0011: A copy of a lālamohara to Raṅganātha Pauḍyāla renewing a grant of land [VS 1863]

K_0096_0013: A copy of a lālamohara to Raṅganātha Pauḍyāla renewing a grant of land (undated)

DNA_0013_0031: A lālamohara from King Gīrvāṇayuddha granting land to Badhuvā Nagārci for conducting rituals (VS 1864)

DNA_0013_0029: A lālamohara of King Gīrvāṇayuddha granting land to Buddhirāma Dāsa (VS 1867)

DNA_0013_0026: A lālamohara from King Rājendra granting land to Jayanta Khatrī for temple maintenance and the worship of Bhāleśvara (VS 1879)

K_0096_0059: A copy of a lālamohara from King Rājendra granting a house to Rādhāramaṇa Arjyāla on the occasion of a widowed royal concubine’s self-immolation (VS 1879)

DNA_0013_0030: A mohara tāmrapatra issued by King Rājendra granting land to establish a Sūryavināyaka guṭhī (VS 1882)

DNA_0013_0025: A lālamohara of King Rājendra establishing a guṭhi for the offering of rice pudding to Paśupatinātha (VS 1885)

DNA_0013_0053: A lālamohara from King Rājendra regarding a land grant to Copadāra Vaṃśīdhara Lāmichānyā (VS 1887)

DNA_0013_0072: A lālamohara from King Rājendra updating a VS 1864 land grant to Bānu Pādhyā Dāhāla (VS 1889)

LD_0001_0001: A lālamohara from King Rājendra granting Munsī Lakṣmīdāsa a piece of land at Madu Ṭola as sunābirtā (VS 1889)

DNA_0013_0077: A lālamohara from King Rājendra updating a VS 1863 land grant to Raṅganātha Pauḍyāla (VS 1890)

DNA_0013_0028: A lālamohara from King Rājendra addressed to Māthavar Singh Thāpā endorsing a land donation to establish a guṭhī (VS 1891)

DNA_0013_0086: A lālamohara from King Rājendra granting a birtā to Indu Bhānsyā (VS 1893)

Land Sales

K_0045_0011C: A sales deed for the land donated to the Brahmin prior to the senior queen of King Rājendra performing satī (VS 1898)

DNA_0013_0109: A lālamohara from King Surendra confirming the sale of a sunābirtā belonging to Harkamāna Siṃ Śreṣṭha (VS 1915)

DNA_0013_0106: A lālamohara from King Surendra confirming the transaction involving the sunābirtā of Mana Tamoṭ (VS 1919)

DNA_0013_0101: A lālamohara from King Surendra approving Jagatvīra and Kṛṣṇavīra’s sale of land to Viramani Kumhāla (VS 1928)

DNA_0013_0107: A lālamohara from King Surendra confirming the sale of a sunābirtā belonging to Lakṣmīgovinda Khupācī (VS 1932)

DNA_0013_0108: A lālamohara from King Surendra confirming the sale of a sunābirtā belonging to Bhāju Dhan and Pāḍau Siṃ Lākhe (VS 1932)

Miscellaneous Land Issues

K_0001_0035C: A copy of a lālamohara from King Gīrvāṇayuddha exempting tax on land endowed to a guṭhī for bhajana (VS 1860)