Bungadyo, also known as Rāto Matsyendranātha, is a popular deity in the Kathmandu Valley, and certainly the most revered one in the city of Patan. Worshipped by the Buddhists and Hindus alike, the deity is celebrated annually by the inhabitants of Patan with a month-long chariot procession (ratha-jātrā) just before the beginning of rainy season. The deity is enshrined in the twin temples at Bungamati and Patan when the deity is not in the chariot. Chronicles attribute the inauguration of the chariot festival to the twelfth century king Narendradeva. This fascinating festival involves people from every strata of society.
The case regarding overseership of the Luthāma Guṭha of Buṅgadyaḥ
Luthāma Guṭha, variously spelled as Lusā Guthi, Lusāhāpau Guthi, or Lhusā Guthi, was established by Jīvarāja Bāḍā (Śākya) of Oku Bāhāla in the early seventeenth century. The guṭha maintains the panels, provides for transporting and fitting the panels to the Buṅgadyaḥ chariot each year, and manages storage of the dismantled panels throughout the year after the festival is over. Following documents relate to a legal dispute that arose in 1802 over the overseership of the guṭha.
E_2253_0015A: A copy of an account by Rāmānanda Bā̃ḍā of petitions he made to Rudravīra Sāha and Bam Sāha in justification of his claim to control the Luthāma Guṭha [VS 1859]
E_2253_0015B: A copy of an executive order from Cautariyā Bam Sāha empowering Rāmānanda Bā̃ḍā to operate the Luthāma Guṭha (VS 1859)
E_2254_0001A: A copy of an executive order from Cautariyā Bam Sāha empowering Rāmānanda Bā̃ḍā to operate the Luthāma Guṭha (VS 1859)
E_2253_0015C: A copy of an executive order presumably from King Gīrvāṇa granting Rāmānanda Bā̃ḍā the right to retain overseership of the Luthāma Guṭha and its land endowments (VS 1860)
E_2253_0015D: A copy of an order from Subedāra Śaṅkhadhara to Patan officials to investigate Rāmananda Bā̃ḍā's claim to the overseership of the Luthāma Guṭha (VS 1860)
E_2253_0015E: A scribal note reporting confirmation to Patan’s amālī of the original sponsor of the Luthāma Guṭha and the queen regent's order to restore control over it to one of his descendants through a bahālī [VS 1860]
E_2253_0015F: A document written by Śaṅkhadhara, an official in Patan, confirming Rāmananda's overseership of the Luthāma Guṭhī (VS 1860)
E_2253_0015G: A note re the retrieval of utensils belonging to the Luthāma Guṭhī [VS 1860]
E_2254_0001C: A copy of an order from Subedāra Śaṅkhadhara to Patan officials to investigate Rāmananda Bā̃ḍā's claim to the overseership of the Luthāma Guṭha (VS 1860)
E_2254_0001H: A copy of an executive order from Cautariyā Amara Siṃha Śāha directing judicial officers of Patan to come to a decision regarding the rightful claimant to the crop yields from plots belonging to the Luthāma Guṭhī (VS 1860)
E_2254_0001G: A copy of an executive order of Queen Rājarājeśvarī Devī directing judicial officials of Patan to come to a decision regarding the rightful owner of crop yields from plots belonging to the Luthāma Guṭhī (VS 1860)
E_2254_0001E: A copy of an arjī submitted by Rāmānanda Bā̃ḍā and fellow guṭhī members claiming their right to the harvests and utensil belonging to the Luthāma Guṭhī [VS 1860]
K_0341_0034: A copy of an executive order from the king granting Rāmānanda Bā̃ḍā the right to resume overseership of the Luthāma Guṭha and its land endowments (VS 1862)
K_0015_0021C: A copy of a lālamohara from King Rājendra dismissing Ramānanda's overseership of the Luthāma Guṭhī (VS 1876)
K_0015_0031E: A copy of a lālamohara from King Rājendra appointing Hākyā Kaṭavāla as the overseer of the Luthāma Guṭhī (VS 1883)
K_0014_0014C: A copy of a lālamohara from King Rajendra restoring to Amṛtānanda and Sundarānanda their ancestral right to overseership of the Luthāma Guṭha and its land endowments (VS 1884)
E_2254_0001F: A copy of a letter from Ḍiṭṭhā Bhāgīrāma of Patan recommending that its unnamed recipient decide in favour of Rāmānanda regarding ownership of the harvest on land belonging to the Luthāma Guṭhī
PD_0002_0002: A thyāsaphū recording events in the history of the Luthāma Guṭhī in the early Śāha period
Buṅgadyaḥ: Administration
K_0630_0067: A document informing despatching of the head priest of Matsyendranātha to Bhoṭa and cautioning other priests of the community not to interrupt ritual worships of the deity (VS 1872)
DNA_0014_0106: A lālamohara from King Rājendra appointing Durgā Siṃ as a ḍiṭṭhā and outlining his responsibilities with regard to Matsyendranātha (VS 1895)
K_0213_0062: A document from Bhīma Śamśera instructing the Guṭhī Bandobasta Aḍḍā to fill a vacant biseṭ post at Kathmandu’s Sveta Matsyendranātha Guṭhī (VS 1965)
Buṅgadyaḥ: Inscriptions
NHDP_0001_0141: A votive inscription by Jaṅga Bahādura Rāṇā recording his donation of the present pinnacle for the Buṅgadyaḥ chariot (ŚS 1772)
NHDP_0001_0140: A votive inscription by Harṣa Narasiṃha on the tympanum (prabhā) to be annually installed inside the sanctum of the Bungadyaḥ chariot [NS 990]
NHDP_0001_0143: A votive inscription on the pinnacle of the Buṅgadyaḥ chariot by Padma Jaṅga Bahādura Rāṇā recording the replacement of earlier donations of his father's (ŚS 1801)
NHDP_0001_0142: A votive inscription on the pinnacle of the Buṅgadyaḥ chariot by Kīrti Bhakti Kumārī Devī and Ḍamvara Jaṅga Bahādūra Rāṇā recording the donation of a Vajrasattva idol (VS 1937)
NHDP_0001_0139: The inscription on the brahmakõ of Buṅgadyaḥ recording the vessel's initial donation by King Viṣṇu Malla and its replacement by Juddha Śamśera (VS 1990)
